How chemo cancer kills cells of cancer?

Chemotherapy on cancer disease, which also called chemo cancer damages dividing cells. You can have cancer chemotherapy either have it as tablets or capsules or as an injection into the bloodstream. The drugs damage any cells and circulate all round the body in the bloodstream that are dividing. Body tissues are made of billions of individual cells. Most of the body’s cells don’t divide much, once we are fully grown. They only divide if they need to repair damage and spend most of their time in a resting state. When cells divide they split into two, identical new cells.

So, where there was 1 cell, there are now 2 and these then divide to make 4 and then 8 and so on. And than most normal cells, cancer cells divide much more often. This is how tumours grow and form lumps. Cells in the process of dividing are more at risk of being damaged by chemo cancer. Chemotherapy in cancer damages part of the control centre inside each cell that makes cells divide. Or it interrupts the chemical processes involved in cell division. The damaged cells then die.

How chemo cancer kills dividing cells

Chemo cancer damages cells as they divide. In the centre of each living cell, called the nucleus, is a dark blob. The nucleus is the control centre of the cell. It contains chromosomes, which are made up of genes. Each time a cell divides into 2 to make new cells, these genes have to be copied exactly.

Chemo cancer damages the genes inside the nucleus of cells. Some drugs damage cells at the point of splitting. While they are busy making copies of all their genes, some damage them before they split. Cells that are at rest, are much less likely to be damaged by chemotherapy cancer. You may have a combination of different chemo cancer drugs. The combination will include chemo cancer drugs that damage cells at different stages in the process of cell division. There is more chance of killing more cells with more than one type of drug.

The fact that chemo cancer drugs kill dividing cells helps to explain why chemo cancer causes side effects. It affects healthy body tissues where the cells are constantly dividing and growing. The bone marrow, skin, hair follicles and lining of the digestive system are examples of these. Your bone marrow is constantly producing blood cells. Your hair is always growing. The cells of your skin and the lining of your digestive system are constantly renewing themselves. These tissues have dividing cells and they can be damaged by chemo cancer treatment.

However, normal cells can replace the healthy cells that are damaged by chemo cancer. So the damage to healthy cells doesn’t usually last. Once your treatment is over, most side effects disappear, and some only happen during the days while you are actually having the drugs, for example, sickness or diarrhoea.

How well chemo cancer works

The chance of the chemo cancer curing your cancer depends on the type of cancer you have:

• With some types of cancer, most people are cured by chemo cancer
• With other types of cancer, fewer people are completely cured

Examples of cancers where chemotherapy cancer works very well are testicular cancer and Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

With some cancers, chemo for cancer can’t cure the cancer on its own. But it can help in combination with other types of treatment. Many people with breast or bowel cancer, for example, have chemo cancer after surgery to help lower the risk of the cancer coming back.

With some cancers, if a cure is unlikely, your doctor may still suggest chemo cancer to:

• Shrink the cancer
• Relieve your symptoms
• Give you a longer life by controlling the cancer or putting it into remission

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